Ammonium Sulfate

1.2 Physicochemical Properties and Product Specifications

1.3 Comparison of Ammonium Sulfate with Other Nitrogen Fertilizers

1.4 Ammonium Sulfate Product Forms and Application Characteristics

1. Crystalline Ammonium Sulfate
   1. Crystal Size: 0.5-2.0mm, crystallinity > 95%
   2. Bulk Density: 0.96-1.05g/cm³
   3. Flowability: Good, flow angle 30-35°
   4. Application Characteristics: Easily dissolved, fast nutrient release
   5. Application Range:Suitable for field crop basal and top dressing, especially sulfur-deficient crops
2. Granular Ammonium Sulfate:
   1. Particle Size: 2.0-4.0mm, roundness > 90%
   2. Bulk Density: 1.00-1.10 g/cm³
   3. Strength: > 20N/granule, facilitating mechanical application
   4. Application Characteristics: Moderate dissolution rate, strong anti-caking property
   5. Applicable Range: Mechanized application, sulfur-deficient crops requiring long-term nitrogen supply
3. Coated Ammonium Sulfate Modified Products:
   1. Coating Materials:Polymers, sulfur, or biomaterials
   2. Nutrient Release Period: adjustable 30-90days
   3. Nitrogen Use Efficiency: 10-15 percentage points higher than regular ammonium sulfate
   4. Price premium: 30-50% higher than regular ammonium sulfate
   5. Application Fields: High-value economic crops, facility agriculture

2.Production Processes and Manufacturing Methods

2.1 Raw Materials and Basic Reactions

• The basic principle of ammonium sulfate production is the neutralization reaction between sulfuric acid and ammonia:
  • Basic reaction equation: 2NH₃ + H₂SO₄ → (NH₄)₂SO₄ + 1619 kJ/kg(NH₄)₂SO₄
• Main Raw Material Parameters and Requirements:
  • Liquid Ammonia: Purity ≥99.6%, moisture ≤0.5%, oil content ≤10mg/kg
  • Sulfuric Acid: Concentration 93-98%, free SO₃ ≤0.5%, Fe content ≤50mg/kg
  • Process Water: Hardness ≤50mg/L, suspended solids ≤10mg/L, pH value 6.5-7.5
• Raw Material consumption rates for different production routes (tons/ton of ammonium sulfate):
  • Synthetic route: Liquid ammonia 0.275-0.282, sulfuric acid 0.735-0.755, process water 0.05-0.10
  • By-product route: Recovered ammonia (NH₃) 0.270-0.290, sulfuric acid 0.730-0.760
  • Gypsum method: Gypsum 1.30-1.45, ammonium carbonate 1.10-1.25

2.2 Synthetic Ammonium Sulfate Production Process

2.3 Steel and Coking By-product Ammonium Sulfate Process

• Waste Gas Ammonia Recovery System:
  • Coke oven gas ammonia content 400-1200mg/m³, recovery rate 95--98%
  • Absorption tower design gas velocity 10-15m/s, liquid-gas ratio 20-30 L/m³
  • Saturation control indicators: Ammonia saturation 5-7%, sulfuric acid saturation 95-98%
• Purification and Impurity Removal Process:
  • Tar removal: Residual tar content reduced to
  • Heavy metal removal: using ion exchange or selective precipitation technology
  • Color treatment: activated carbon adsorption or oxidation treatment, ensuring product whiteness
  • Crystallization and Separation System:
    • Suitable for DTB, Oslo, or forced circulation crystallizers
    • Crystal growth rate controlled at 2-5μm/min
    • Crystal particle size mainly in the 0.8-1.5mm range, ensuring flowability
  • Product Quality Control
    • Online monitoring system for ammonium salt concentration, control error
    • Color control additive dosage 0.01-0.05%, ensuring product whiteness > 85%
    • Nitrogen content stability: Batch-to-batch variation

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      2.4 Granular Ammonium Sulfate Production Process

      Granular ammonium sulfate production technology has developed rapidly in recent years, with the following main processes:

      1. Drum Granulation Method:
         1. Drum diameter 2.5-4.0m, length-to-diameter ratio 3:1- 4:1, inclination angle 2-4°
         2. Granulation temperature 85-95°, bed layer thickness 30-40cm
         3. Finished product rate 75-85%, recycle rate 120-150%
         4. Binder addition rate 0.5-1.0%, common binders include starch, lignosulfonate
      2. Fluidized Bed Granulation Method:
         1. Fluidization velocity 2.0-3.5m/s, bed temperature 100-110℃
         2. Liquid spray pressure 1.0-1.5MPa, droplet size 60-100μm
         3. Particle growth rate 150-250μm/min, seed particle return rate 200-250%
         4. Energy consumption index: 0.8-1.0 GJ heat consumption per ton of water evaporated
      3. Extrusion Granulation Method:
         1. Extrusion pressure 80-120MPa, die hole diameter 2-3mm
         2. Pre-granulation material temperature 60-70℃, moisture controlled at 1.5-2.5%
         3. Post-crushing shaping, screening accuracy > 95%
         4. Granulator capacity 30-50 tons/hour (single machine)
      4. Coating Modification Technology:
         1. Coating thickness controlled at 20-80μm, uniformity coefficient of variation
         2. Common coating meterials: Polymers (polyethylene, polypropylene), sulfur, polyurethane
         3. Coating temperature range: sulfur coating 135-145℃, polymer coating 70-90℃
         4. Coating addition rate: sulfur 1.5-3.0%, polymer 0.3-1.0%

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         2.5 Gypsum Method of Ammonium Sulfate Production

         The Gypsum method is a production route utilizing waste gypsum resources, particularly suitable for regions with abundant gypsum resources
         • Basic Reaction Principle:
           • CaSO₄·2H₂O + (NH₄)₂CO₃ → (NH₄)₂SO₄ + CaCO₃ + 2H₂O
         • Process Flow and Control:
           • Gypsum slurry concentration controlled at 15-20%, conversion rate 90-95%
           • Reaction temperature 30-40℃, residence time 2-3 hours
           • CO₂/NH₃ molar ratio controlled at 0.95-1.05
           • Ammonium carbonate concentration maintained at 20-25%, pH value controlled at 7.5-8.5
         • By-product Treatment and Comprehensive Utilization:
           • Calcium carbonate purity can reach 90-95%, usable for building materials fillers
           • Mother liquor recycling rate > 95%, reducing ammonia nitrogen emissions
           • Comprehensive energy consumption: 300-400KWh per ton of ammonium sulfate
         • Process Advantages and Limitations:
           • Advantages: Utilizes industrial by-product gypsum, reducing environmental risks from phosphogypsum stacking
           • Limitations: Product quality is more difficult to control, higher energy consumption

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         US$ 99 /MT
         MOQ: 1MT
         Product Model: 99%
         Supplier Profile
         Ningbo Feidoodoo E-Commerce Co., Ltd
         Established: October 10, 2019
         Company Size: 500
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         3.Application Effects and Methods

         3.1 Agricultural Application Effects

         Application effect data of ammonium sulfate on different crops

         3.1a Cereal Crops

         Rice: In sulfur-deficient soils, ammonium sulfate application increases yield by 5-12% compared to equivalent nitrogen from urea, protein content increased by 0.5-1.0 percentage points
         Wheat: Ammonium sulfate improves nitrogen use efficiency by 3-8 percentage points compared to urea, yield increased by 3-8%, gluten quality significantly improved
         Corn: In acidic sulfur-deficient soils, ammonium sulfate application increases yield by 6-15%, nitrogen absorption rate improved by 5-10%

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         3.1b Economic Crops

         Rapeseed: Ammonium sulfate increases yield by 10-20%, compared to equivalent nitrogen from urea, oil content improved by 1.0-2.5 percentage points
         Cotton: Ammonium sulfate application can improve fiber length by 0.5-1.0mm, strength by 1.0-2.0cN/tex
         Tobacco: using ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source increases aroma compound content by 15-25%, cured tobacco leaves are more uniform in color
         Tea: Increases amino acid content in tea leaves by 8-15%, polyphenol content by 5-10%

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         3.1c Vegetables and Fruits

         Cruciferous vegetables: Ammonium sulfate increases yield 8-15% compared to urea, vitamin C content improved by 10-18%
         Garlic/Onion: Increases sulfur compound content by 15-30%, resulting in more intense flavor
         Citrus fruits: Improves fruit flavor, soluble solids content increased by 0.3-0.8°Brix
         Potato: increases tuber yield by 8-12%, starch content improved by 0.5-1.5 percentage points

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         3.2 Ammonium Sulfate Applications in Specialty Agriculture

         • Facility Agriculture Applications
           • Hydroponic Systems: Ammonium sulfate accounts for 20-30% of nitrogen sources in standard formulas, EC value maintained at 1.8-2.5mS/cm
           • Substrate Cultivation: Ammonium sulfate accounts for 15-25% of nitrogen sources, used in combination with calcium-magnesium fertilizers
           • Drip Irrigation systems: Concentration controlled at 0.05-0.1%, preventing salt damage
           • pH Regulation: Using ammonium sulfate to adjust root zone pH to 5.5-6.5, optimizing micronutrient absorption
         • Aquaculture Applications
           • Pond Applications: promotes plankton proliferation, dosage 5-10kg/mu per application
           • Bottom Improvement: lowers bottom sediment pH, inhibits harmful bacteria growth, dosage 8-15kg/mu per application
           • Combination with Biological Agents: improves nitrogen and sulfur cycling efficiency in water bodies
         • Special Soil Improvement Applications
           • Saline-Alkali Soil improvement: Used in combination with gypsum to replace soil sodium ions
           • Calcareous Soils: Adjusts root zone pH, improves availability of phosphorus, iron, zinc, and other elements
           • Red Soil Improvement: Alleviates aluminum toxicity, dosage 300-500kg/ha

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         3.3 Combination Technologies with Other Fertilizers

         Technical Guidance for Combined used of ammonium sulfate with other fertilizers
         • Combination Prohibitions
           • Avoid mixing with alkaline fertilizers (lime,wood ash), which causes ammonia volatilization losses
           • Avoid storage with ammonium nitrate, potassium chlorate, and other oxidizing substances due to safety concerns
           • Avoid mixing with compound fetilizers containing free alkali, reducing fertilizer efficiency
         • Recommended Combinations
           • With phosphate fertilizers: Can slow phosphorus fixation, improving phosphorus availability by 15-25%
           • With Potassium Fertilizers: sulfate ions promote potassium ion absorption, improving potassium fertilizer utilization by 8-12%
           • With Micronutrient Fertilizers: Improves activity of zinc, iron, manganese, and other micronutrients
           • With Biofertilizers: Provides energy and nutrition for nitrogen-fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria, enhancing their activity
         • Scientific Formula Examples (Weight Ratio)
           • Dryland Grain Crops:mmonium sulfate:Superphosphate:Potassium chloride=1:2:0.5
           • Paddy Crops: Ammonium sulfate:Calcium magnesium phosphate:Potassium sulfate=1:1.5:0.5
           • Economic Crops: Ammonium sulfate:Triple superphosphate:Potassium sulfate=1:1:0.8
           • Fruit Trees: Ammonium sulfate:Bone meal:Potassium sulfate=1:1:1

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         4.Market Status and Development Trends

         4.1 Challenges and Opportunities in the Ammonium Sulfate Industry

         4.1a Main Challenges Facing the Industry

         • Traditional production processes have high carbon emission intensity, with carbon footprint of approximately 1.2-1.5 tons CO₂ equivalent per unit product
         • Elevated wastewater treatment standards, particularly stricter heavy metal emission requirements for by-product ammonium sulfate
         • Implementation of EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM) creates new barriers for exported products

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         4.1b Raw Material Cost Fluctuations

         • Increased volatility in natural gas, coal and other energy prices leading to unstable synthetic ammonia costs
         • Uneven regional distribution of sulfur resources resulting in rising transportation costs
         • Changes in global sulfuric acid supply-demand structure causing greater price fluctuations

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         4.1c Competitive Pressure from Substitute Products

         • Expanding market share of sulfur-containing compound fertilizers eroding single-ingredient ammonium sulfate market
         • Rapid development of new controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers with significant price advantages
         • Liquid fertilizers replacing some granular ammonium sulfate in precision agriculture applications

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         4.2 Important Opportunities for Industry Develpoment

         4.2a Green Low-Carbon Transformation

         • Commercialization of renewable energy-based ammonia production technology to reduce environmental footprint
         • Promotion of circular economy and industrial symbiosis models enabling efficient resource utilization
         • Application of carbon capture technology in ammonium sulfate production to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

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         4.2b Technical Innovation and Upgrading

         • Development of multi-functional and specialty ammonium sulfate products with higher added value
         • Intelligent manufacturing and digital transformation reducing production costs by 15-20%
         • New environmentally-friendly granulation technology improves product quality while reducing energy consumption

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         4.2c Market Expansion in Emerging Economies

         • Rapidly growing agricultural demand in Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America
         • Increasing awareness of sulfur nutrition in crops creating new market opportunities
         • Precision agriculture and sustainable farming practices driving demand for high-quality fertilizers